Excellent article seeking to solve the “confusion around new conceptions of circularity by synthesising and re-organising the 3R’s concept into a 10R hierarchy”, by Professor Walter J.V. Vermeulen, Denise Reike and Sjors Witjes. It includes a useful definition of Circular Economy value retention options (R0 to R9) for both consumers and businesses: REfuse, REduce, REuse, REpair, REfurbish, REmanufacture, REpurpose, REcycle, REcover, RE-mine. Published by the Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development (www.uu.nl).

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